Heterozygous Pyrin (MEFV) E148Q allele carriers indicate a reduced glaucoma risk for Turkish population: a prospective clinical analysis.

PURPOSE: The MEFV gene encodes pyrin, a protein linked to increased severity of symptoms in Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF). We consider that inflammation due to MEFV variants would increase eye inflammation and damage aqueous humor regulation. The present study is the first analysis investigating a MEFV (E148Q) variant as a marker protecting from glaucoma. METHODS: In this prospective clinical analyze, we performed detailed gene sequencing focusing on 22 specific regions of the pyrin (MEFV) gene. The study involved two distinct groups: individuals diagnosed with glaucoma (n = 200) and control subjects without glaucoma (n = 100). Both groups were carefully selected to exclude individuals with symptoms or a previous diagnosis of Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF). The diagnosis of glaucoma for each participant was rigorously established through comprehensive direct ophthalmic examinations. RESULTS: A significant odds ratio for protection against glaucoma was found in carriers of the subclinical E148Q allele (OR:2.22; 95%CI: 1.098-4.485). No significant differences were found for other variants. One mutant E148Q-allele could decrease the probability of glaucoma development by approximately 68,9%. We observed no differences in the genotype frequency between glaucoma and healthy for the other MEFV gene variants. CONCLUSION: The pyrin variant of the MEFV gene resulting in a subclinical phenotype appears to reduce the incidence of glaucoma, and heterozygous pyrin (MEFV) E148Q allele carriers confer protection against glaucoma. It is important to consider the limitations arising from the relatively small number of studies conducted on this topic.

Does the novel coronavirus use the ocular surface as an entrance into the body or as an infection site? / O novo coronavírus usa a superfície ocular como porta de entrada no corpo ou como local de infecção?

ABSTRACT This study attempts to review whether the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is transmitted through the ocular surface and examine the symptoms and signs of ocular disease. Considering that COVID-19 is transmitted by airborne droplets and close contact with infected individuals, we will also review the conditions to which eye clinics and ophthalmologists should pay attention to prevent the transmission of the disease. Although some researchers have argued that COVID-19 transmission cannot occur through the ocular surface, most of them are of the opinion that the ocular surface is a potential pathway of transmission. Until date, ocular signs and symptoms have been rarely reported in the COVID-19 patients. However, there are case reports of conjunctivitis as the first, and rarely, the only clinical symptom of the disease. In addition, low coronavirus RNA positivity can be detected in the ocular surface samples. Further laboratory and clinical investigations are needed to ascertain whether the ocular surface is one of the potential transmission pathways through which severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 can gain entry into the human body.

RESUMO Rever se o COVID- 19 é transmitido através da su perfície ocular e seus sintomas e sinais na doença ocular. Dado que o COVID-19 é transmitido por gotículas de ar e contato próximo, também analisaremos, também, as condições às quais os oftalmologistas e as clínicas oftalmológicas devem prestar atenção a fim de evitar a transmissão da doença. Embora alguns autores tenham argumentado que a transmissão de COVID-19 não pode ocorrer através da superfície ocular, a maioria dos autores acredita que a superfície ocular é uma via potencial de transmissão. Até à data, foram notificados, muito raramente, sinais e sintomas oculares em doentes com COVID- 19. No entanto, há relatos de casos de conjuntivite como sendo, raramente, o primeiro e único sintoma clínico da doença. Além disso, a baixa positividade do RNA coronavírus pode ser detectada nas amostras da superfície ocular. São necessárias mais investigações clínicas laboratoriais sobre se a superfície ocular é uma das vias de transmissão através das quais o SARS-COV-2 penetra no corpo humano.

Familial Mediterranean fever associated frosted branch angiitis, retinal vasculitis and vascular occlusion.

OBJECTIVES: To analyse the entity of retinal vasculitis, including frosted branch angiitis (FBA), or retina vascular occlusion in patients with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). METHODS: Retrospective collaborative case series using invitation by email to uveitis specialists around the Mediterranean basin. This series was combined with a literature review. Exclusion criteria included infectious diseases, Behçet's disease or other autoimmune diseases. RESULTS: A total of 16 patients (21 eyes) had FMF and retinal vasculitis (FBA 11 patients, mild retinal vasculitis 5 patients). The mean age at onset of vasculitis was 29.5 ± 13.4 (range 9-62) with a female to male ratio of 9 to 7. In 19 eyes treated with various forms of corticosteroid and/or immunosuppression, the mean initial spectacle-corrected visual acuity improved from 6/194 to 6/10.5 at the last mean follow-up of 29.0 ± 34.9 months (p < 0.001). The most common FEVR mutations were M680I and M694V. In addition, retinal vascular occlusions included one case of central retinal artery occlusion and one case of branch retinal artery occlusion. CONCLUSION: FBA and milder forms of retinal vasculitis are associated with FMF. Therapy involves an increase in colchicine dosage in early cases, a long period of oral corticosteroid, intravitreal dexamethasone implant or periocular corticosteroid in select cases, and combination therapy with systemic immunosuppression in severe cases. FMF needs to be included in the differential diagnosis of retinal vasculitis.

Glutathione S-transferase expression in benign and malignant eyelid tumors.

Eyelid tumors commonly originate from the skin and its appendages. Environmental toxins and oxidants affect eyelid carcinogenesis. Glutathione S-transferases (GST) are antioxidants that participate in pathogenesis. We investigated GST levels in malignant and benign eyelid tumors in otherwise healthy individuals. We used 57 malignant eyelid biopsies, benign eyelid biopsies, and tissue removed during blepharoplasty and entropion operations culled from pathology archives. Specimens were divided into three groups: malignant lesions, benign lesions and controls consisting of eyelid tissue removed during routine blepharoplasty and entropion surgery. Specimens were immunostained for seven GST (GST-A, GST-P, GST-Z, GST-S, GST-K, GST-O, GST-T) and the intensity of staining was quantified. In the malignant group, GST-O and GST-P staining was less intense than for the control group. In the benign group, the GST-P level was less than for the control group. We found no significant difference between the intensity of staining in malignant and benign groups. Our findings suggest that GST-O and GST-P enzymes may play significant roles in eyelid carcinogenesis.

Does the novel coronavirus use the ocular surface as an entrance into the body or as an infection site?

This study attempts to review whether the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is transmitted through the ocular surface and examine the symptoms and signs of ocular disease. Considering that COVID-19 is transmitted by airborne droplets and close contact with infected individuals, we will also review the conditions to which eye clinics and ophthalmologists should pay attention to prevent the transmission of the disease. Although some researchers have argued that COVID-19 transmission cannot occur through the ocular surface, most of them are of the opinion that the ocular surface is a potential pathway of transmission. Until date, ocular signs and symptoms have been rarely reported in the COVID-19 patients. However, there are case reports of conjunctivitis as the first, and rarely, the only clinical symptom of the disease. In addition, low coronavirus RNA positivity can be detected in the ocular surface samples. Further laboratory and clinical investigations are needed to ascertain whether the ocular surface is one of the potential transmission pathways through which severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 can gain entry into the human body.

Anterior Chamber Characteristics, Endothelial Parameters, and Corneal Densitometry After Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty in Patients With Fuchs Dystrophy.

PURPOSE: To compare anterior segment parameters in patients with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy (FED) who underwent Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) in one eye and no corneal surgery in the fellow eye. METHODS: This prospective study was conducted on 28 eyes of 14 patients with FED who underwent DSAEK in one eye at least one year prior (DSAEK group) and no corneal surgery in the fellow eye (control group). Each eye was analyzed with the anterior segment optical coherence tomography, specular microscopy, and Scheimpflug imaging systems. Data were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 76.9 ± 7.0 years. There were no statistically significant differences in the mean central corneal thickness (CCT), central anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber angle parameters, cylinder and keratometry values between two groups (all P-values > 0.05). The paracentral corneal thickness, corneal volume, endothelial cell density, and hexagonal cell ratio measurements were statistically significantly higher in the DSAEK group than the control (all P-values < 0.05), and anterior chamber volume in the DSAEK group was significantly less than the control (P = 0.046). While posterior and total corneal densitometry values in the DSAEK group were statistically significantly lower than the control (P < 0.001 and P = 0.011, respectively), there were no statistically significant differences in the anterior or middle corneal densities (P = 0.108 and P = 0.134, respectively). CONCLUSION: We found that total corneal densitometry value decreased in DSAEK group. Although DSAEK surgery did not affect the anterior chamber angle parameters, it reduced the anterior chamber volume and increased the corneal volume and paracentral corneal thickness due to the addition of the DSAEK graft.

Periorbital ecchymosis and subconjunctival hemorrhage due to leech therapy for headache / Equimose periorbital e hemorragia subconjuntival devido à terapia com sanguessugas para dor de cabeça

ABSTRACT A 62-year-old woman was admitted to our clinic with the complaints of periorbital ecchymosis and subconjunctival hemorrhage that are visible, especially on the right eye. We noted that her complaints began the day after she underwent leech therapy on the glabella area for headache. On the glabella, 2 leech bites were observed close to the right side. Examination revealed ecchymosis on the bilateral eyelids and subconjunctival hemorrhage on the inferolateral and medial limbus on the right eye. No treatment was initiated, rather control measures were recommended. The follow-up after 1 month revealed that the patient's complaints had disappeared.(AU)

RESUMO Uma paciente de 62 anos procurou nosso ambulatório com queixas de equimose periorbital e hemorragia subconjuntival, visíveis principalmente no olho direito. Descobrimos que suas queixas começaram no dia seguinte a um tratamento para dor de cabeça com sanguessugas na área da glabela. Na glabela, 2 mordidas de sanguessuga foram encontradas próximas ao lado direito. Durante os exames da paciente, foram detectadas equimoses nas pálpebras bilaterais e hemorragia subconjuntival no limbo ínfero lateral e medial do olho direito. Nenhum tratamento foi iniciado, sendo recomendado apenas controle. No acompanhamento, observou-se que as queixas da paciente desapareceram em cerca de um mês.(AU)

Periorbital ecchymosis and subconjunctival hemorrhage due to leech therapy for headache.

A 62-year-old woman was admitted to our clinic with the complaints of periorbital ecchymosis and subconjunctival hemorrhage that are visible, especially on the right eye. We noted that her complaints began the day after she underwent leech therapy on the glabella area for headache. On the glabella, 2 leech bites were observed close to the right side. Examination revealed ecchymosis on the bilateral eyelids and subconjunctival hemorrhage on the inferolateral and medial limbus on the right eye. No treatment was initiated, rather control measures were recommended. The follow-up after 1 month revealed that the patient's complaints had disappeared.

Introduction of a novel quantitative scoring system for acanthosis nigricans and its validation in a pilot study.

Inconsistent data exist regarding the diagnostic value of acanthosis nigricans (AN) or skin tags as clinical markers for obesity or diabetes. In an outpatient department-based prospective study, we designed a scoring for AN severity (SCANS) to evaluate AN and skin tags, their correlation with obesity or diabetes. Quantification of AN in six anatomic sites, in consideration of the affected skin surface areas, texture changes, number of skin tags, leads to a total severity score between 0 and 46. Among 336 adult patients (aged ≥18 years) with AN, a higher BMI was associated with AN (r = 0.299, P < .001), but not with diabetes (P = .43), as compared with 243 age- and sex-matched controls without AN. Among nondiabetics, AN scores were significantly correlated with waist circumference (r = 0.131, P = .024) and total cholesterol levels (r = 0.155, P = .04). Skin tags alone in the absence of AN were not associated with obesity (P = .333) or diabetes (P = .164). The total AN scores were positively correlated with the presence of skin tags (r = 0.132, P < .001), and the involvement of anterior neck (r = 0.668, P < .001) and axilla (r = 0.793, P < .001). Knuckles and groins were unaffected in our series. Our results indicate that combination of AN with skin tags can be used as clinical marker for obesity, but not for diabetes. Large-scale studies on patients of different ethnic background are required to further validate our proposed scoring.

Caspase-3, p53 and Bcl-2 expression in basal cell carcinoma of the eyelid.

INTRODUCTION: Eyelid tumours mostly originated from skin and its appendeges. External carcinogens like UV radiation causes cell damages in the eyelid skin and contributes to carcinogenesis. Apoptosis is a very important mechanism to prevent these damage and probable neoplatic change. AIM: To compare caspase-3, p53 and Bcl-2 levels between patients with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the eyelid and healthy individuals. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Pathology archives from October 2012 to April 2015 were scanned for BCC biopsies of the eyelid and tissue removed during blepharoplasty and entropion procedures. A total of 36 specimens were found. The specimens were divided into two groups: BCC group and controls (consisting of eyelid tissue removed during routine blepharoplasty). The pathology specimens were then stained using p53, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 stains and the intensity of staining was graded on a 0-3 scale. RESULTS: Samples from a total of 36 patients were included in the study. Eighteen (50.0%) patients were female. There were 13 patients in the BCC group and 23 patients in the control group. The mean age was 66.0 ±10.8 years in the BCC group, and 65.61 ±11.22 years in the control group. The caspase-3 staining was lower in the BCC group than in the control group. No significant differences were found between the BCC group and the control group in terms of p53 levels or Bcl-2 levels (both of them, p = 1.000). CONCLUSIONS: The caspase-3 level was lower in the BCC group. This result suggests that these enzymes can play a significant role in carcinogenesis of eyelid BCC.

Double puncta canaliculi may exhibit different clinical presentations.

In this paper, we describe two adult patients who presented with double lacrimal puncta: one of them was asymptomatic and incidentally diagnosed, and the other complained of epiphora. In both patients, unilaterality, preference for the lower lid, and location medial to the normal punctum were common features of the accessory punctum. In the asymptomatic patient, irrigation revealed no obstruction in the punctum or the nasolacrimal drainage system. By contrast, the other patient's nasolacrimal drainage system exhibited obstruction. Therefore, dacryocystorhinostomy surgery and silicone tube intubation were successfully performed. Double lacrimal puncta may be associated with epiphora or dry eye. These manifestations can easily be missed in a routine examination. This report was written to emphasize that unilateral epiphora of dry eye symptoms may be related to supernumerary punctum or canalicular systems and can easily be diagnosed with lid eversion.

Successful correction of ichthyosis-related ectropion by autografts.

Ectropion is a rather frequent complication of ichthyosis with negative functional and esthetic impact. Lid surgery can provide significant improvement. We report on a series of four ichthyosis patients with ongoing bilateral eye problems despite intense medical treatment (mean age 27.8 ± 14.1 years). All patients suffered from lagophthalmos. Two of the patients had only lower lid ectropion. In two of the patients' ectropion was forming on the upper lid in addition to the lower lid when closing the eye. In three of four patients, ectropion was repaired by skin grafts from the supraclavicular region. In a child with lower and upper lid ectropion prepuce was used for repair surgery. At the end of the follow-up period of about 23.0 ± 12.7 months, none of the patients revealed lagophthalmos or corneal exposure. No intraoperative or postoperative complications have been observed in our patients. Ichthyosis patients with ectropion resistant to medical treatment, benefit from surgical treatment with full layer autografts. In boys, prepuce can be successfully used as autograft.

Double puncta canaliculi may exhibit different clinical presentations / Ponto lacrimal duplo pode ter apresentações clínicas diferentes

ABSTRACT In this paper, we describe two adult patients who presented with double lacrimal puncta: one of them was asymptomatic and incidentally diagnosed, and the other complained of epiphora. In both patients, unilaterality, preference for the lower lid, and location medial to the normal punctum were common features of the accessory punctum. In the asymptomatic patient, irrigation revealed no obstruction in the punctum or the nasolacrimal drainage system. By contrast, the other patient's nasolacrimal drainage system exhibited obstruction. Therefore, dacryocystorhinostomy surgery and silicone tube intubation were successfully performed. Double lacrimal puncta may be associated with epiphora or dry eye. These manifestations can easily be missed in a routine examination. This report was written to emphasize that unilateral epiphora of dry eye symptoms may be related to supernumerary punctum or canalicular systems and can easily be diagnosed with lid eversion.

RESUMO Neste artigo, descrevemos dois pacientes adultos que apresentaram punção lacrimal dupla: um deles assintomático e diagnosticado incidentalmente, e o outro queixava-se de epífora. Nos dois pacientes, unilateralidade, preferência pela pálpebra inferior e posição medial pelo ponto normal foram características comuns do ponto acessório. No paciente assintomático, a irrigação não revelou obstrução no ponto ou no sistema de drenagem nasolacrimal. No entanto, o sistema de drenagem nasolacrimal do outro paciente exibiu obstrução. Portanto, a cirurgia de dacriocistorrinostomia e a intubação com tubo de silicone foram realizadas com sucesso. O ponto lacrimal duplo pode ser associado à epífora ou ao olho seco. Essas manifestações podem ser facilmente esquecidas em um exame de rotina. Queremos enfatizar que a epífora unilateral dos sintomas de olho seco pode estar relacionada ao sistema de ponto ou canalicular supranumerário e pode ser facilmente diagnosticada com eversão de pálpebra.

Causes of congenital corneal opacities and their management in a tertiary care center / Causas de opacidades corneanas congênitas e seu controle em um centro de cuidados terciários

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate causes and management of congenital corneal opacities (CCO) diagnosed in a tertiary care eye center and to compare the data with a previous study at the same institution. Methods: Computerized medical records in all patients with congenital corneal opacities diagnosed in the Cornea Service at Wills Eye Hospital (Philadelphia, PA) between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2015, were retrospectively reviewed. Children aged 12 years and younger at the first visit were included in the study. Patients' demographics, ocular diagnosis, laterality, associated ocular abnormalities, other ocular surgery performed prior or subsequent to the first visit, and their treatment were extracted from the medical records. Results: A total of 77 eyes in 56 patients were examined. The mean age at presentation was 32.8 ± 44.2 months, with the mean follow-up period of 26.7 ± 30.1 months. The most frequent diagnosis was Peters anomaly (53.2%), followed by limbal dermoid (13.0%), aniridia with glaucoma and microphthalmos (6.5%), sclerocornea and congenital glaucoma (5.2%), idiopathic (3.9%), Axenfeld-Rieger anomaly and Hurler syndrome (2.6%), and microcornea (1.3%). Primary keratoplasty was performed in 26 eyes, with the outcome rate in the clear cornea of 76.0% during the follow-up. Conclusion: Peters anomaly is the most common cause of congenital corneal opacities encountered at our institution. Penetrating keratoplasty is the most frequent choice of corneal surgery to treat congenital corneal opacities. Additional interventions during penetrating keratoplasty were moderately positively correlated with graft failure. This study also shows the rates of some etiologies of that changed over the recent decades in our tertiary care Cornea Service. Although Peters anomaly remains the most common presenting reason for congenital corneal opacities, its rate appears to be increasing over the recent decade. Congenital corneal opacities due to birth trauma, which is one of the preventable causes, were observed in a previous study in our clinic; however, no new cases were noted in this study.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar as causas e o controle das opa cidades corneanas congênitas diagnosticadas em um centro oftal mológico de atendimento terciário e comparar os dados com um estudo anterior realizado na mesma instituição. Métodos: Prontuários médicos informatizados de todos os pacientes com opacidade corneana congênita diagnosticada no Serviço de Córnea no Wills Eye Hospital (Filadélfia, PA) entre 1º de ja neiro de 2007 e 31 de dezembro de 2015 foram revisados retrospectivamente. Crianças com 12 anos ou menos na primeira consulta foram incluídas no estudo. A demografia dos pacientes, o diagnóstico ocular, a lateralidade, as anormalidades oculares associadas, outras cirurgias oculares realizadas antes ou após a primeira consulta e o tratamento foram extraídos dos prontuários médicos. Resultados: Um total de 77 olhos de 56 pacientes foi examinado. A idade média de apresentação foi de 32,8 ± 44,2 meses, com um tempo médio de acompanhamento de 26,7 ± 30,1 meses. O diagnóstico mais frequente foi anomalia de Peters (53,2%), seguido por dermóide límbico (13,0%), aniridia com glaucoma e microftalmia (6,5%), esclerocórnea e glaucoma congênito (5,2%), idiopático (3,9%), síndrome de Axenfeld-Rieger e síndrome de Hurler (2,6%) e microcórnea (1,3%). Ceratoplastia primária foi realizada em 26 olhos, com desfecho de córnea clara de 76,0% durante o acompanhamento. Conclusão: A anomalia de Peters é a causa mais comum de opacidade corneana congênita encontrada em nossa instituição. A ceratoplastia penetrante é a escolha mais frequente de cirurgia corneana para o tratamento de opacidades corneanas congênitas. Intervenções adicionais durante a ceratoplastia penetrante foram moderadamente correlacionadas positivamente com a falha do enxerto. Este estudo também mostra as taxas de algumas etiologias do que mudou ao longo faz últimas décadas em nosso serviço de córnea de atendimento terciário. Embora a anomalia de Peters continue a ser a causa mais comum das opacidades congênitas da córnea, sua taxa parece estar aumentando na última década. Opacidades congênitas da córnea devido a trauma no nascimento, que é uma das causas evitáveis, foram observadas em um estudo anterior em nossa clínica; no entanto, nenhum caso novo foi observado neste estudo.

Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty in aphakic and vitrectomized eye.

Objective: To report a new technique for Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) in aphakic and vitrectomized eyes. Case description: A 56-year-old man presented with corneal decompensation in the left eye after combined pars plana vitrectomy and lensectomy for the management of a traumatic eye injury. DMEK graft and recipient bed were prepared as regular. The posterior half of the donor stroma was dissected with a crescent knife to form a temporary stromal barrier tissue. The prepared donor stromal tissue was implanted into the anterior chamber (AC) to form a barrier over the iris and pupilla. Then, the endothelial graft was safely injected into the anterior chamber and deployed by gently tapping on the corneal surface. Air tamponade was applied into the AC for 10 minutes to allow the graft to attach. Afterwards, the stromal barrier tissue was removed through the main incision and the AC was refilled with air tamponade. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications during 1-month follow-up. Conclusion: Insertion of a temporary posterior stromal tissue as a barrier over the iris and pupilla successfully provided AC stability and prevented posterior dislocation of the graft or air tamponade. This new technique was a safe and effective approach for DMEK in aphakic and vitrectomized eyes.

Trocar-assisted, flanged sutureless scleral-fixated intraocular lens implantation combined with silicone oil injection after penetrating keratoplasty surgery.

We describe a combined technique of trocar-assisted sutureless scleral-fixated intraocular lens implantation and silicone oil injection at the same session. Two 3 mm scleral tunnels were created 2 mm away from and parallel to the limbus with the 23-gauge vitrectomy trocars entering the sclera transconjunctivally at an angle of approximately 10° at the 3 o'clock and 9 o'clock meridians. After the 3-piece foldable IOL was delivered to the anterior chamber through the corneal incision, the tip of one of the IOL haptics was grasped with a 23-gauge serrated retinal forceps entered through the trocar located at the 3 o'clock meridian. Then the haptic was removed from the scleral tunnel together with the trocar out of the globe. The same procedure was applied to the other haptic. A transconjunctival secure 10-0 nylon suture was placed at the scleral tunnel entry site around the haptic. The ends of the haptics were cauterized to make a flange. The resultant flanges of the haptics were pushed back and fixed into the scleral tunnels. Perfluorooctane was taken out of the eye with vitreoretinal surgery and the silicone was injected into the eye to prevent hypotonia. No complications were seen intraoperatively or postoperatively. After 1-month follow-up period, IOL was seen stabilized.

Causes of congenital corneal opacities and their management in a tertiary care center.

PURPOSE: To evaluate causes and management of congenital corneal opacities (CCO) diagnosed in a tertiary care eye center and to compare the data with a previous study at the same institution. METHODS: Computerized medical records in all patients with congenital corneal opacities diagnosed in the Cornea Service at Wills Eye Hospital (Philadelphia, PA) between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2015, were retrospectively reviewed. Children aged 12 years and younger at the first visit were included in the study. Patients' demographics, ocular diagnosis, laterality, associated ocular abnormalities, other ocular surgery performed prior or subsequent to the first visit, and their treatment were extracted from the medical records. RESULTS: A total of 77 eyes in 56 patients were examined. The mean age at presentation was 32.8 ± 44.2 months, with the mean follow-up period of 26.7 ± 30.1 months. The most frequent diagnosis was Peters anomaly (53.2%), followed by limbal dermoid (13.0%), aniridia with glaucoma and microphthalmos (6.5%), sclerocornea and congenital glaucoma (5.2%), idiopathic (3.9%), Axenfeld-Rieger anomaly and Hurler syndrome (2.6%), and microcornea (1.3%). Primary keratoplasty was performed in 26 eyes, with the outcome rate in the clear cornea of 76.0% during the follow-up. CONCLUSION: Peters anomaly is the most common cause of congenital corneal opacities encountered at our institution. Penetrating keratoplasty is the most frequent choice of corneal surgery to treat congenital corneal opacities. Additional interventions during penetrating keratoplasty were moderately positively correlated with graft failure. This study also shows the rates of some etiologies of that changed over the recent decades in our tertiary care Cornea Service. Although Peters anomaly remains the most common presenting reason for congenital corneal opacities, its rate appears to be increasing over the recent decade. Congenital corneal opacities due to birth trauma, which is one of the preventable causes, were observed in a previous study in our clinic; however, no new cases were noted in this study.

Trocar-assisted, flanged haptics, sutureless intrascleral fixated intraocular lens implantation combined with Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty.

This article reports a combined technique of sutureless intrascleral fixated intraocular lens implantation and Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty in a patient with anterior pseudophakic bullous keratopathy. Two scleral tunnels were created, corneal incisions were made, and a foldable intraocular lens was cut and removed from the anterior chamber. After performing anterior vitrectomy, a 3-piece foldable intraocular lens was implanted into the anterior chamber. One of the intraocular lens haptics was grasped with a forceps and pulled out from the scleral tunnel. Then, the end of the haptic was cauterized. Similar maneuvers were applied for the other haptic. Next, an 8-mm-diameter donor tissue was prepared, and the recipient endothelial tissue was peeled and removed from the center of the recipient cornea. The prepared donor tissue was injected into the anterior chamber. After proper opening and placement of the donor tissue, an air bubble was injected below the tissue. There were no postoperative complications during the 1-month follow-up.